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The Muhammad al-Durrah incident took place in the Gaza Strip on September 30, 2000, on the second day of the Second Intifada, amid widespread rioting throughout the Palestinian territories. Jamal al-Durrah and his 12-year-old son, Muhammad, were filmed by Talal Abu Rahma, a Palestinian cameraman freelancing for France 2, as they sought cover behind a concrete cylinder after being caught in crossfire between Israeli soldiers and Palestinian security forces. The footage, which lasts just over a minute, shows the pair holding onto each other, the boy crying and the father waving, then a burst of gunfire and dust, after which the boy is seen slumped across his father's legs.〔(''Haaretz'', May 16, 2007 ). *Also see (France 2 raw footage ), ''Seconddraft.org'', the al-Durrah material begins around 02:10 mins.〕 Fifty-nine seconds of the footage were initially broadcast in France with a voiceover from Charles Enderlin, France 2's bureau chief in Israel, who did not witness the incident himself but got all information by phone from the cameraman, telling viewers that the al-Durrahs had been the "target of fire from the Israeli positions," and that the boy had died.〔(Moutet 2008 ). Enderlin's report said: "Here, Jamal and his son Mohamed are the target of fire from the Israeli positions ... Another burst of fire. Mohamed is dead and his father seriously wounded."〕 After an emotional public funeral, Muhammad was hailed throughout the Arab and Muslim worlds as a martyr. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) accepted responsibility at first〔 and Israel initially apologized for the boy's death but issued a retraction when an investigation indicated the IDF probably did not shoot the al-Durrahs and the boy was most likely killed by Palestinian fire.〔Avi Issacharoff. (Israeli physician acquitted of libel against Mohammed al-Dura's father ). Haaretz. 2012〕〔"(Israeli Army Says Palestinians May Have Shot Gaza Boy )." ''The New York Times''. November 28, 2000. Retrieved on December 10, 2011.〕 Three senior French journalists who saw the raw footage in 2004 said it was not clear from the footage alone that the boy had died, and that France 2 cut a final few seconds in which he appeared to lift his hand from his face. France 2's news editor said in 2005 that no one could say for sure who fired the shots, but other commentators, including the director of the Israeli government press office, went further, saying the scene had been staged by Palestinian protesters. In 2013 Philippe Karsenty, a French media commentator, was convicted of defamation for suggesting France 2 had doctored the material, following lengthy legal proceedings.〔(Media analyst convicted over France-2 Palestinian boy footage (The Guardian, June 26, 2013) ) (Karsenty convicted, fined for defamation in al-Dura case (JTA, June 26, 2013) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Court backs claim that al-Dura killing was staged )〕〔(Schwartz 2007 ): "In the last picture Mohammed al-Dura is seen lifting his head". *(Carvajal 2005 ), p. 2: "When Leconte and Jeambar saw the rushes, they were struck by the fact that there was no definitive scene that showed that the child truly died. They wrote, however, that they were not convinced that the particular scene was staged, but only that "this famous 'agony' that Enderlin insisted was cut from the montage does not exist." *For the last few seconds of footage, see (Final moments of footage not shown by France 2 ), September 30, 2000, courtesy of ''YouTube'', accessed 18 September 2010. *For the France 2 news editor's comment, see (Carvajal 2005 ). *For the Israeli government press comment, see (Patience 2007 ), and (Kalman 2007 ). *For France 2's Supreme Court appeal, see (Barluet and Durand-Souffland 2008 ).〕 The footage of the father and son acquired what one writer called the power of a battle flag. The scene was evoked in other deaths. It was blamed for the October 2000 lynching of two Israeli army reservists in Ramallah, and was seen in the background when Daniel Pearl, an Israeli-American journalist, was beheaded by al-Qaeda in 2002.〔For the comparison of the image to a battle flag, see (Carvajal 2005 ). *For a discussion about the perspective of both communities, see (Fallows 2003 ). *For the blood libel issue, see (Falk 2008, pp. 90–91 ). *For more on the blood libel issue, see (Julius 2006 ); (Lauter 2008 ), (Patience 2007 ), and (Glick 2006 ). *On the scene being associated with other deaths, see (Lauter 2008 ).〕 James Fallows writes that no version of the truth about the footage will ever emerge that all sides consider believable. Charles Enderlin has called it a cultural prism, its viewers seeing what they want to see.〔For Fallows's comment, see (Fallows 2003 ). He elaborated on this in October 2007; see (Fallows, October 2, 2007 ), and a discussion of it in (Beckerman 2007 ). *For Enderlin's comment, see (Carvajal 2005 ).〕 The French defamation case was definitely settled on June 26, 2013, by the French Court of Appeals: Karsenty was convicted of defamation and fined €7,000 by the Paris Court of Appeals.〔 Karsenty's version, which described the killing of young Mohammed Al Durah as "staged", was rejected by the French Court's final decision. ==al-Durrah family== Jamal (born c. 1966) lived with his wife Amal and their seven children in the UNRWA-run Bureij refugee camp in the Gaza Strip. Jamal was a carpenter and house painter who had worked for Moshe Tamam, an Israeli contractor, for 20 years. Israeli writer Helen Schary Motro came to know him when she had employed him to help build her house. She wrote in 2000 of his years of rising at 3:30 am to catch the bus to the border crossing at four, then a second bus out of Gaza so he could be at work by six. The border was closed on the day of the incident because of the rioting, which is why Jamal was not at work.〔(Schary Motro 2000 ).〕 Muhammad ((アラビア語:محمد الدرة), born 1988) was in fifth grade, but his school was closed that day because of the protests.〔 His mother said he had been watching the rioting on television and asked if he could join in.〔 Father and son decided instead to go to a car auction, according to an interview Jamal gave Abu Rahma in hospital the day after the shooting.〔Abu Rahma said in an affidavit sworn in October 2000 that he was the first journalist to interview the father after the shooting, an interview that was broadcast; see (Abu Rahma 2000 ).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Muhammad al-Durrah incident」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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